Border and Coastal Security (Criminal Justice) Essay Example for Free

Border and Coastal Security (Criminal Justice) Essay `Hardened Border Paradox’ and `Open Border Paradox. The `Hardened Border Paradox’ refers to the situation when tougher border controls fail to achieve their objective – stop illegal migrants and smuggling. Instead, it is argued, these tougher controls create an atmosphere ripe for spread of criminal activity. Jeane J. Kirkpatrick, Senior Fellow in National Security Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, in his written testimony before a hearing of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate noted that â€Å"draconian measures to police the border invariably provide incentives for informal arrangements and criminal conspiracies to overcome cross-border barriers to commerce and labor movements†. There appears an industry for helping illegal migrants, whereas the cooperation of law enforcement bodies is reduced when one side unilaterally pursues strict policies. The border becomes more â€Å"chaotic†, and tough regulation â€Å"creates a demand for those who are in the business of arranging the illegal crossings† (Kirkpatrick, 2004). This paradox can be resolved by combating illegal groupings and promoting cooperation at the border between authorities on both sides. The ‘Open Border Paradox’ includes the need to combat the movement of terrorists and smugglers across open borders without damaging the free flow of goods and services that benefits the economies of both nations. This paradox exists, for example, on the US-Canadian border where the flow of goods and services is in dependence on anti-terrorist measures. To overcome this paradox, authorities from both sides can create special projects targeting terrorists without jeopardizing trade flows. Kirkpatrick in his testimony points out the example of a bi-national â€Å"Integrated Border Enforcement Team (IBET)† created on the US-Canadian border to overcome smuggling in 1996. Is it cost effective to spend millions and millions of dollars in an effort to stop a handfull of people` who are bound to terrorize the United States? Counteracting the bunch of people bound to terrorize the United States is worth millions of dollars and perhaps even more. This number is commensurate with the devastating impact September 11th and other events had on the development of the American economy and national security. Efforts to combat terrorism within the United States are also costly. The negative effect of terrorist activities on the economic activities of Americans can hardly be overrated. Terrorism poses a risk to the United States and all of its business. Foreign partners contemplating a deal with US companies will be more reluctant to do so if they perceive the state as being in continuous danger of an external attack. This means loss in indirect costs from dangers to the national security, with the effect similar to that political instability in developing nations has on their ability to attract and retain direct foreign investment. The costs of failing to keep the terrorists out are therefore serious issues that have to be addressed in order to prevent the possible danger to the economy. In this way, these efforts are similar to risk management in business. The risk averted may never materialize, and all the costs seem to have sunk in vain; however, if the risk did materialize, the impact on business would have been much greater. Speaking of the need to avert a terrorist attack through anti-terrorism campaigns, one need not forget that it is not only economic prosperity that is at stake. The negative impact on the quality of lives of Americans from September 11th attacks cannot be measured in dollars alone, for here one must factor in the pain, the grief, and the fear that affected even those who only saw the attacks on TV. The government has to deliver public goods to the people, and national security is one of them. Therefore, spending large sums on anti-terrorist measures is a sound idea as long as helps to prevent the terrorists effectively from getting into the country and perpetrating their crimes.

St.Augustines Theodicy and St.Irenaeus theodicy as a weak response to

Augustine’s theodicy is greatly influenced by the creation stories of the Old Testament (Genesis 1-3). While thinking about Augustine’s theodicy it is worth bearing in mind that he interpreted the Genesis story as a literal account of the origins of the world and also as a mythological story that communicated values and meaning. While most Christians today would not suggest that the Genesis story is literally true, they still value the ideas Augustine puts forward in his theodicy. Augustine’s theodicy is basically- God is perfect and creates perfection (garden of Eden), God gave us free will which we in turn misuse which in turn leads to the fall of man and therefore evil comes into the world. So now the whole world is evil and corrupted, Natural Evil is then a result of this corruption. Everyone after the fall shares in the sins of Adam- Original Sin, until Jesus saves us by dying for our sins on the cross. In the book of Romans (5:12) it says ‘Therefore, just as sin came into the world through one man, and death came through sin, and so death shall spread to all because all have sinned.’ Therefore humanity is responsible for evil. But some may say that God gave us free will in the first place and if God is all knowing then He knew the fall would happen and therefore he is not all loving or all powerful as he knew evil would come into the world and yet did nothing about it. Vardy comes up with an analogy that works with St.Augustine’s theodicy- the story about the prince and the peasant, a rich prince falls in love with a peasant but knows that if he went up to her clad in his rich fine cottons and silks then she would not truly love him but love what he has. So the prince disguises himself as another peasant and ‘woos’ ... ...so a story of a girl who is beaten and beaten by her parents but does not know why because she is so young. Ivan would say that having free will is ‘still not worth it’ On the other hand some believe that Irenaeus’ Theodicy is effective. They may say that the theory works well with evolution, in the sense that the world was bad and it must be made into perfection. They say that we were once imperfect and have since improved and evolved but this would happen through suffering and therefore it is possible to tie the two theories together. Having to suffer in order to achiever the virtues seems sensible and logical as many sportsmen will know that pain shows that your working hard, this also ties in with the aesthetic principle. Personally I believe that the Irenaeun Theodicy is weak and feeble as there is just too much evil in the world in comparison to the good.

The End of Men

Hanna Rosin – The end of men When we are watching the news or reading the paper, it will sometimes be written by a women. Throughout history women have been opressed by man, but in the 21st century they are no longer opressed. They have been demanding equal rights for both genders and now Hanna Rosin has informed us that it may be the end of men. Is our post-modern world better suited for women? Hanna Rosin is saying that there has been a rapidly increase of female employers at almost any work station. 00 if not 50 years ago that would not have been possible. Many women are trying to achieve high-status jobs like Doctors and Engineers and they are really good at it. Hanna Rosin informs us that women are better in school, getting jobs, and that a new kind of alpha female has appeared. An alpha femle which is â€Å"stirring up anxiety and, occasionally, fear†. This means that she believes that the male dominance is gone and a new more frightening female has appeared. Howe ver in the text she concludes that girls have more desire than boys.She does not have anything to use as a point of view towards this statement. Therefore some of the â€Å"facts† which are given here are not to be fully trusted, since she does not document her facts very well. In the text however, she uses a few rhetorical tools as in Etos and Pathos. Hanna Rosin is an american journalist and also writes for different papers for various american companies. She is using etos because she went to university and is a journalist. She is an expert in rhetorical tools but it seems like the article still lacks of argumentation.In the text she tries to inform the reader what has happened. She is doing this by asking questions to the reader â€Å"but what if qeuality isn't the end point†. She encourages the reader to keep reading and wants to make a debate towards the subject â€Å"feninism† and â€Å"The end of men†. However in the text, she uses pathos a lot bec ause she want to gain power in her cause, because she is herself a supporter of feminism. That is seen in the text because she describes men to be clumsy and also informs the reader that some men had lost millions of jobs.If we turn it around and there were more female leaders than men, the same thing would probably happen. She just uses the same repetitive argumentations which lacks a lot of explaining. She says that the male dominance is almost gone but if we look at the stock shares. The leaders of the companies are men. She is appealing to women that they should not let themselves be opressed by â€Å"evil† which men are portrayed as. She thinks it is men which are behind all the crisis and maybe she is right, but without the proper argumentation she is wrong.We can then ask ourselves, is this a bad way of thinking, could she be right? Feminism is a very hard subject simply because it iis about women wanting equal rights, but at the same time critisites men for who they a re. Not all men are assholes, but in the eyes of true feminists they all are. This is a dangerous thought because it makes a diversity between man and woman. Since she herself watches the men as a threat or atleast a dying â€Å"species† where-as the title The End of Men, it is almost like she is doing everything she can to make women look better than men.The title The End of Men explains how she think that there will be an end to men. As she is mentioning a biologist which created a way of seperating the male-producing Y chromosome. However we still have no proof of men dying in the world, and if we look at china we will see that there are many more boys than girls. We can therefore say that women like Hanna Rosin have strong feelings towards men and seems like the would rather have feminism in men. There will therefore be no permission to be men in a feminist society and the father could be uncomfortable as a protector of his family.

Legal and Ethical Issues Essay - 832 Words

Assignment 1 2 Health care professionals must learn how to balance the principles of Nonmaleficence, Beneficence, Autonomy, and Justice especially in a busy hospital as in the case of Armando Dimas. Health care ethics is a type of normative, applied ethics. It is based on the assumption that, despite all of our differences, we can determine what is right and wrong within the constraints of a human condition prone to error. The goal of health care ethics is to provide health care professionals, students who seek health care careers, and members of the general public with moral guidelines that any rational†¦show more content†¦It was a surprise to the staff when they were able to speak with Armando, they found that he actually wanted all measures possible to save his life even though he would be a quadriplegic for the rest of his life. Doing this, he was asserting his autonomy and not taking the disregard of beneficence and nonmalefience from the staff. Mr. Dimas stayed in the hospital and was given all possible services that the hospital could provide for him. Problems came about which are related to justice. In our country, it is not right to treat one patient different than another patient when the circumstances are similar. One must think about the effort, need, ability to pay, resources and merit to provide fair treatment to everyone. In this situation, Armando had no insurance and became a financial burden to the hospital. The hospital however, did do everything they could to help Armando and even helped him get a custom wheel chair thus keeping their principles of justice. As time went on, even though the hospital did what they could, their ethical standards became too much for them. They had to compare what it was costing for just one patient compared to how many they would have to turn away if they continued to abso rb the costs for Armando’s care. The hospital made the decision to transfer him to a cheaper facility that could care for him. Armando actually liked the new facility, Barts, and the care thatShow MoreRelatedThe Legal And Ethical Issues1532 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction This essay will address the Legal and Ethical issues in relation to the case study. It will outline the four elements of valid consent and applicable issues needed to prove and defend the claim for all parties involved. The Universal declaration of bioethics and human rights identifies three relevant principles to this case study. 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